How to Get a Scared Dog to Trust You: Canine Trust Building!

Dog Training

WRITTEN BY:

Kayla Fratt

19 Comments

K9 of Mine is reader-supported, which means we may earn a small commission through products purchased using links on this page. Here’s how it works.

how to get scared dog to trust you

Whether you’re the new owner of a shy shelter dog or the well-meaning neighbor of a scared canine next door, you’d probably love to become one of that pup’s new friends.

As more and more people choose to adopt dogs from shelters rather than purchase from breeders, more people are finding themselves sharing their lives with very scared dogs. It’s fantastic that more shelter dogs are getting a chance! However, many people are wholly unprepared for getting a scared dog to trust them.

Unfortunately for new owners, love is not all that these dogs need. Most scared dogs, in fact, will actually open up more quickly if they’re given space. Dogs are not humans, and they often do not find comfort in hugs, nose-to-nose kisses, and baby talk.

So how do you get a scared dog to trust you?   

Exercises to Build Trust With Your Dog

Helping to teach the dog in question that they can trust you is important for that dog’s emotional safety as well as for your own physical safety. A dog who’s perpetually scared is not a happy dog!

Potentially worse, the vast majority of dog bites that I’ve personally witnessed were due to a well-meaning person invading the space of a nervous dog.

There’s a pervasive (incorrect) belief that dogs can tell when you mean well – they can’t. Just because you have friendly intentions does not mean the dog will automatically trust you!  

Let’s discuss some exercises that will help build trust between you and a dog.

These exercises and tips can all be combined into a single fluid training session- alternatively, thePlate Game, Treat and Retreat, and Pat-Pet-Pause can all also be treated as separate exercises.

1. Slow Down

slown down

One of the biggest mistakes that many people make is that they just move too fast. Before you stand up, lift your arms, or make any other potentially alarming movements, try to sigh or otherwise get the dog’s attention subtly.

This will help the dog anticipate your movements and not feel so scared when you do stand up or reach for something in the upper fridge. The goal is to not surprise your dog – make sure they know when you’re about to move or do something.

2. Avert Your Eyes

avert eyes

In many human cultures, it’s polite to meet someone’s eyes. But for most other animals, eye contact (especially if it’s sustained) is a threat.

Staring at the dog, especially head-on, is very scary for the dog. Approach the dog in an arc instead of head-on – if you approach the dog at all.

3. Offer Your Side

offer your side

Some scared dogs will feel more comfortable approaching you if you kneel with your side or back to the dog, rather than approaching a dog head on.

This indirect approach is more “polite” in dog culture. Approaching head-on, like down a hallway or on a sidewalk, is very threatening and direct.

Of course, don’t turn your back on a potentially dangerous aggressive dog – assess the situation and decide what is best.

We talk more about how to politely greet strange dogs here – don’t be a rude human!

4. Talk Less

talk less

Some dogs respond well to baby-talk. But many scared dogs are less receptive to our talkative primate ways.

Feel free to test it out with your scared pup – do some soft baby talking and then watch. If the baby talk seems to perk up her ears, good. If she thumps her trail, great! Keep at it. But if the baby talk doesn’t have a measurable positive impact, cut it out. Odds are that it’s not helping, and it may even be hurting.

Rather than talking, just stay quiet and use your body language to show you’re not a threat. If the dog approaches you, great! If not, that’s ok too.

5. Observe Closely

The number one thing that you can do to help a scared dog trust you is to watch her closely and respond to what you see.

If a certain movement makes her pupils dilate, flares her whiskers, elicits a backwards weight shift, or sparks a calming signal, stop doing it. If you get a little tail wag, softening of the eyes, or forward movement, reward that behavior with something your dog wants (usually food).

Many people make the mistake of attempting to reward bravery in a nervous dog with petting, cuddling, or praise. This is often too much too soon and can actually backfire. Let the dog do the talking and let the dog make the moves. Your job should just be to reward the good behavior that you see.

6. Let the Dog Approach You

let dog approach you

Most people are far too quick to approach a scared dog, even if that dog is their own. When I share my home with fearful foster dogs, I try my best to ignore the dog unless I’m playing one of the games outlined below.

If the dog approaches me, I drop a few treats to reward bravery. But I don’t turn to her, praise her, or attempt to pet her.

If the scared dog tries to engage with you, great! Reward that in a way that’s rewarding for her (not for you – again, this probably means giving food rather than giving cuddles). But if she chooses to keep her distance, respect that. If you try to chase her around forcing her to interact with you, you’re not building trust.

7. Play the Plate Game

play the plate game

In a recent episode of The Hair of the Dog podcast, Sarah Dixon outlined a new game that I’m calling the Plate Game to avoid confusion with Chirag Patel’s Bucket Game.

The game is quite easy: put a dish, plate, or bowl on the ground somewhere between you and the dog.

It’s best to pick a spot near where your dog is already comfortable, such as near her bed. Place the plate far enough from you that your dog will be comfortable standing up and walking towards you to the plate, but not so close to your dog that you approaching the plate will be scary.

Now you simply walk up to the plate, drop or toss in a tasty morsel (boiled chicken breast is a favorite for both canine tastebuds and waistlines). Then back away until your dog feels comfortable walking up to get the treat.

Take a break, then repeat. Essentially, your dog is learning that you approaching means treats and that she can approach to get the food.

This game is similar to Treat and Retreat (below), but the action of allowing the dog to focus on the plate instead of you seems extra-soothing to anxious pooches. It’s also a bit simpler for non-trainers to grasp – you’re just walking up, offering food in a predictable place, and retreating. There’s less room for error!

8. Play Treat and Retreat

play treat and retreat

This game is somewhat similar to the Plate Game above, but it’s a bit more dynamic, which can introduce added difficulty.

The game works like this – if your dog looks at you or moves towards you, your job is to toss a tasty morsel behind her. She’ll turn around to go eat it, and then will ideally turn back to you for another treat toss. This game generally goes well if you’re sitting down and therefore stationary.

Quickly, your dog will learn to approach you (or other strangers) of her own accord, then go get the treats. Your dog also learns that she can retreat if she’s nervous, helping to reduce the likelihood of defensive or fear-based aggression. Over time, your dog can learn to fully approach people through this game.

Old advice has taught owners to lure dogs to us with food. Unfortunately, food can tempt dogs into scary situations where they feel pressured. Once the dog eats the food after being lured in, they get scared and may lash out. Many people also can’t help themselves but to try to cuddle the dog after luring her in – a huge no-no!

Instead, let the food act as a motivator that pushes your dog in the ideal area outside of the comfort zone that’s still safe. The goal is to bring your dog outside of her comfort zone just enough, but not so much that the task becomes overwhelming or frightening.

This concept applies for humans too – new, challenging experiences should always happen within that magical orange area.

9. Try Pat-Pet-Pause

pat pat pause

Once you’ve gotten the scared dog to choose to approach you, now what? How do you keep building friendly behavior in your scared dog? Pat-pet-pause is a great tool to build up a scared dog’s enjoyment of petting.

This game is pretty easy – but be sure not to start it until after your dog already approaches you readily in Treat and Retreat.

Start by patting your knees to call the dog over (pat). Then gently pet her under the chin, on the chest, or on the butt (pet).

Avoid going straight for the belly or over her head – that can be intimidating!

After 3 seconds of petting, stop for a moment and put your hands in your lap (pause). Watch to see what the dog does. If she comes back for more petting, repeat. If she moves away, you’re done. If she stays put but her body language is neutral, try petting again in a slightly different way (chin tickles instead of butt scratches, for example).

I have used Pat-Pet-Pause to teach my own dog to enjoy petting. He learned that if he doesn’t like how I’m touching him, I’ll pause and respect that. If he does like it, I’ll keep going. He’s in control, which makes him more comfortable and eager to go in for some doggo-approved cuddles.

These 9 tips will help most scared dogs trust you much more. The main goal is to demonstrate to the dog that you’re trustworthy by respecting her space, asking for permission to pet, and letting her choose when to approach. Of course, you’re rewarding the dog for making friendly choices – but there’s no “or else” in this training.

How Do You Get An Abused Dog to Trust You?

Abused dogs have been through a lot. They’re often flinch away from handling and are easily scared.

Most of them also display a lot of appeasing behaviors, like rolling onto their backs, peeing themselves, lip-licking, and groveling with bent knees and a fast-wagging tail.

The majority of really scared, abused dogs are undersocialized, which makes the world a more frightening place in general.

frightened shelter dog

However, abused dogs often have experience living with people. Paradoxically, they’re often more human-social than stray dogs because they often were treated kindly in some ways (whereas a stray dog has never needed a human for anything). After all, even in situations where a dog has been abused, someone was feeding and caring for the dog at some point.

While this is still a heartbreaking situation, starting from some kind of relationship with humans can be easier than working with a stray dog who has never seen any kindness from a human.

The nine tips outlined above will work very well for abused dogs, but there are additional precautions you’ll want to take.

Most abused dogs are most afraid of:

  • Fast movements
  • Loud noises
  • Being approached head-on.

Unlike undersocialized dogs, abused dogs often won’t have issues with things like blenders, cars passing by, and shiny floors.

If you can demonstrate your kindness through treat-giving, consent-asking, and slow movements, your new dog will likely warm up quickly, despite any history of mistreatment.

My Dog Was Abused by XYZ Sort of Person – Or Was She?

Some abused dogs are also more afraid of certain types of people. That said, most dogs who are afraid of men, people in hoodies, or people of color were not abused!

While some dogs do seem afraid of people of a certain race, they’re not racist and they probably weren’t hit by an X person. More likely, they’re simply undersocialized.

They may have been raised by a young white woman or on a rural farm where they never met many people outside of their family members.

My own dog used to bark at bearded men wearing turbans. He was raised by an urban white family, and doesn’t exhibit traits that would suggest past abuse. He’d just never seen a turban before, and he thought it was concerning. We did some practice walking past temples where he got a treat for every single turban that walked by, and now he’s happy to see the turban treat-predictors!

Many dogs are afraid of men because men are just scarier than women. The vast majority of shelter workers are female, meaning many shelter dogs just don’t get much exposure to men.

Men are taller, and beards and deep voices are extra-intimidating. Assuming that your dog was hit by a man or by a certain type of person also makes you more likely to get tense and defensive in those situations, which alerts to your dog that it’s time to be “on guard.”

Of course there’s a chance that your dog was abused by X or Y person, but in all likelihood your dog’s behavior is a result of lackluster socialization as a puppy. With enough treat-dispensing, you may be able to correct some of that fear.

How to Safely Gain the Trust of an Aggressive Dog

While the main principles of working with an aggressive dog are actually almost identical to the exercises outlined above, stakes are raised when the dog might bite. Of course, all dogs can bite if pushed (and their definition of pushed too far can change day-to-day).

It will come as no surprise that I recommend working with a trainer if your dog is aggressive. The International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants (IAABC) is a great place to start. Even if their closest consultant is a bit too far from you, email her and ask if she knows of anyone in your area. She probably will have a suggestion or two for you.

When working with an aggressive dog, it’s important to add in extra safety measures.

While you can still play the Plate Game, I’d recommend playing it with the dog wearing a comfy basket muzzle and on a tie-back. Tie-backs allow you to tether your dog to a door, the couch, or another secure point to ensure that your dog can’t reach you.

Generally, aggression trainers recommend using two layers of protection with aggressive dogs (hence the muzzle as well as the tie-back).

dog-with-muzzle

At the shelter, we generally did Treat and Retreat through the kennel door with aggressive dogs for the safety of volunteers. We’d start by just walking by and tossing treats into the kennel each time we passed – even if the dog was barking and lunging at us.

Once the dog could let us pass without lunging, we’d start to pause a bit longer. Keeping our eyes low and our sides to the dog, we tossed treats behind the dog and then rewarded if the dog looked back to us.

Over time, we build up enough rapport with the dog that we could enter the kennel and take the dog out.

You can use these same skills to help build trust with an aggressive dog. Just remember to use safety precautions and get the help of a professional, even if things seem manageable. It’s always better to be safe than sorry in these kinds of situations.

My Dog Is Scared Of Me Because I Hit Him – What Should I Do Now?

It’s not uncommon to lose your temper and hit your dog. Many old school trainers still recommend swatting your dog in the name of training (spanking your child hasn’t gone totally out of fashion either), and lots of ill-advised training techniques suggest using pain, fear, and intimidation to stop dogs from doing unwanted things.

scared puppy

However, make no mistake, this is not the method you want to rely on for training your dog. Hitting your dog undermines her trust in you, especially if that trust was already shaky. Some dogs also paradoxically seek comfort from their owners after their owners lose their tempers.

My own dog, Barley, does. If I yell at him (something I strive not to do), he often cuddles up to me and tries to lick my hears. Some people interpret this as your dog “apologizing.” I disagree – this sort of behavior is your dog’s attempt at diffusing a situation because they are really scared!

While you never want to rely on fear or pain as a method of training, we are all human and sometimes make mistakes. We may lose or temper, lash out at our dog, and instantly regret it.

If you’ve hit your dog in a moment of weakness and now she’s avoiding you, go back to basics. Move slowly, toss treats behind her, and reward bravery.

If you and your dog have a decent relationship, she’ll probably recover relatively quickly – as long as this doesn’t become a habit.

Making Sure It Doesn’t Happen Again

Going forward after hitting your dog, the most important thing is to focus on your own behavior. What caused you to hit your dog? How can you avoid that situation again? What behavior can you do instead?

Generally, it’s best to replace an unwanted behavior when you go forward.

For those who aren’t familiar with the spoon analogy commonly used in counseling, there’s a concept that each person has 10 spoons at the beginning of the day, with each spoon as a unit of energy. Every time something stressful or trying happens, you’ve lost a spoon. You’re more likely to have a problem – emotionally or physically – once you’re “out of spoons.”

spoons

I used to have a problem with my own dog – I would swat Barley across the nose when I was ultra-frustrated with his barking at the door. This usually happened after a long day at the shelter and when I “had no spoons left.”

I’d spend all day coaching and demonstrating patience with tough dogs, yet I still lost my temper with Barley sometimes.

I wanted to stop this behavior in myself (and fix Barley’s barking at the same time).

I decided that if I heard something outside that would make Barley bark, I’d tell Barley to go get his tug toy. That was my replacement behavior (telling Barley to get his toy instead of swatting him) that got me the same result (no barking) in the same situation (noise outside).

Now he’s learned to go get a toy instead of barking and I’ve learned to cue him to get a toy instead of swatting at him.

If you’re frustrated with your dog but want to try to learn not to react in anger, try replacing yelling or hitting with these skills instead:

  • Putting your dog in the crate with a Kong if she’s driving you nuts.
  • Taking a deep breath and walking away from your dog.
  • Asking your dog to sit or hand target and giving a treat.
  • Ending the training session and playing tug-o-war instead.
  • Ending the play session when your dog nips you and going for a walk.

Having a clear replacement behavior makes it easier to change your own behavior. For me, the “go get your toy” replacement command became automatic, so I could do it even when I was frustrated, rather than resorting to an impulsive action that I might regret later!

Getting a scared dog to trust you isn’t necessarily rocket science – but it takes time. Some dogs are never going to be outgoing Air Bud types.

Many truly traumatized shelter dogs may take months to warm up to their owners. Heck, they might always be nervous of strangers. Try to accept your dog for who she is and support her needs, rather than pushing her into situations that are too difficult for her.

scared dog to trust infographic

What tips did you find useful for getting a scared dog to trust you? Share your suggestions below!

Like it? Share it!

Written by

Kayla Fratt

Kayla Fratt is a Certified Dog Behavior Consultant through IAABC and works as a conservation detection dog trainer.

Join our pup pack!

Get tons of great dog training tutorials, canine gear guides, and the latest doggy discounts.

19 comments

Load Comments

Leave a Comment

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

  1. ld Avatar
    ld

    we have a rescue. one year we have had her already. she is so amazing. sweet. playful. but also will growl and bite me, too. over the year we have narrowed down her triggers, honestly i think it is training the humans, not the dog in our case. but it is hard. exhausting. emotional. tiring. she doesn’t like to be touched or handled. her ear was cut off by teenagers, she had boiling water thrown on her. she lived on the streets for 9 months, then in an outdoor shelter for 3 months before coming to us. it is when she is inside our home she is never quite at ease; outside she is happy and loving. we really don’t know what to do at this point. i guess we woefully accept we have a dog who doesn’t want any physical love from us, and that is a hard pill to swallow. can that ever change? can she ever learn she is safe, and enjoy touch?

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      Hey there, Id.
      What a heart-breaking story! We’re glad your poor pooch has finally found a loving home, but we’re sorry you’re having to deal with some challenging issues.

      It’s impossible for us to tell whether or not she’ll ever warm up to physical touch, but we’d certainly recommend trying (as long as you can do so safely — we don’t want you suffering bites). Just be very patient with her, and try not to force things. Implement some of the tips from the article and just try to slowly build trust over time.

      Let us know how it goes!

  2. Melissa Avatar
    Melissa

    Thank you SO much for these tips! My daughter and I adopted a new pup (2 years old) about a week ago and, while he’s not aggressive, Lando is extremely afraid of me but has taken to my daughter (11 years old) quite quickly. Lando will (hesitantly) allow me to feed him and take him for a walk, but any other interaction is outta here. I didn’t even know he could wag his tail until I saw him approach my daughter! I’ve seen multiple calming signals, whale eye, tucked tail, backwards movements, you name it. So again, these tips really helped!

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      We’re so glad you found them helpful, Melissa! Keep at it!

  3. Jackie Avatar
    Jackie

    I have an Australian shepherd named Bear. When I take him with me in the car he likes to race for a block, I then stop the car and he jumps in and we go. A week ago he ran in front of my car and I did not see him and I hit him. He has road rash to his elbows and his hip is swollen but not fractured. We both were traumatized and I have been showing him love. This happened on a Friday. On Monday I had to put down my boxer, Daisy. Bear searches the house for her, going too to room looking for her. Bear seems to not trust me and mad at me. If he sees me he won’t enter that room, he turns around and will go lay outside. He use to not leave my side, he wanted to go everywhere I went. Not sure what to do to regain his trust and love.

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      Hey, Jackie.

      We’re so sorry about Bear’s injury and Daisy’s passing. You certainly have had a tough few days!

      I wouldn’t worry about Bear’s need for a little space yet — he’s been through a really traumatic experience, and he just may need some time to start feeling comfortable again. We’d just recommend taking things as easy as you can with him, showing him tons of love, and doling out the treats (assuming that’s OK with your vet).

      If he doesn’t start warming back up to you within a week or two, you may want to increase your efforts. But right now, it’s probably best to just take things a day at a time.
      Best of luck!

  4. Margaret Avatar
    Margaret

    Thank you for such a super list of tips, and especially for your philosophy of respect for our dogs, which resonates with me entirely. You reassure me that I’m on the right track with my dog, who has trust issues, but that I need to really focus more completely on this.

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      Glad you found it helpful, Margaret!
      Best of luck in your journey with your pooch.

  5. Sue White Avatar
    Sue White

    I have just adopted a 7 month old rescue who was rescued from Romania. She is very timid and frightened. She has been with us 3 weeks. What can we do to help her realise she can trust us?

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      Hey there, Sue.
      Start by just employing some of the tips discussed in the article above. But you can also check out our article about increasing a dog’s confidence.
      Best of luck!

  6. Tonya King Avatar
    Tonya King

    I just got a 15 week old English Shepherd; she is very timid and scared of all noises and for me to be away from her. My husband or son can get close but she cowards down and sometimes hide wherever I am. I have taken her for a week to make dad to plat with our Australian Shepherd (11 years old) and she is a little better. Is is hard on her to be at our house so scared if Im not around or do we simply just give it more time? I want her but don’t want her having panic attacks all the time.

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      Hey there, Tonya.
      It’s hard for us to provide much help in this case, as we can’t see the little four-footer in action.
      It’d probably be a good idea to have a canine behaviorist take a look and see which approach would be ideal for her.
      Best of luck!

  7. deborah lariscy Avatar
    deborah lariscy

    Three days ago I adopted a small, chi type dog from a shelter. He is EXTREMELY timid/scared. Pancaking, running away, sometimes a whimper, avoidance AND hiding beside me, etc. He has not pooped yet, but has peed outside. I am taking it slow, very slow. I’m starting to incorporate other tips, but this dog is frantic at times. An issue, I know Not to frighten him, but I have to put leash on to go out to potty, and or on advice I read to leave leash on for a while inside and out. It scares him. BTW: leash on sleeping seems dangerous. He was ok with it on, but now freaks if I get it out and say “outside”. And, it’s cold and bad weather at times. sigh. I will reach out to local Human Soc. for advice. I live alone, no other dogs, so no alpha to show him it’s ok. He is only 5 lb’s, discarded by previous “owners”. Please advise. I am in it for the long term, and I know 3days isn’t much, but it’s so extreme I worry it’s not going to get better. I will double down on the advice I’ve read, but any help would be appreciated. This little guy deserves love and affection.

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      Hey, Deborah.
      Sorry to hear that your pooch is so frightened. We actually have an article that will be coming out in the coming weeks about this exact situation, so be sure to sign up for our mailing list so you’ll know as soon as it goes live.
      In the meantime, just continue to take things slow, don’t force him to go outside, and use treats when you do go outside to help forge a positive association with the outdoors (consider “treat scatters” in which you’ll toss a handful of treats in the grass while he’s outside — they can often distract him for a minute or two). You can also try some of the tips in our confidence-building article. And we agree — leaving a leash on while he’s unsupervised is a bad idea.

      Best of luck! Hang in there!

  8. Amy Avatar
    Amy

    I just brought home a darling little gal from a local rescue a little over a week ago. She is SO afraid of everything. We’ve made progress in some areas, but she is still extremely skittish. She’s coming closer to me, as I’ve been playing the plate game and trest/retreat, but still rarely lets me pet her. I’m new to this, and have no idea how long these things should take. Any thoughts or advice?

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      Hey, Amy.
      A lot of shelter/rescue dogs are quite skittish at first. So, just try to help make sure she feels safe, give her a dark, tight place to hide if she feels the need, and avoid potentially frightening activities for a while.
      If she doesn’t start to relax a bit after a week or two, you should probably speak with a trainer or behaviorist.
      Best of luck!

  9. Krystal Avatar
    Krystal

    Great article! I’ve suspected our pitbull-mixed was abused or neglected, and severely undersocialized. She’s getting better though, as we increase our walks to the park to gain more exposure to other humans and dogs of all sizes.

    One of my friends has a small Jack Russell terrier mix, and she’s nipped at my shins before when I entered their house. Now, I have some tools I can try to gain her trust when I see her again! Food is the way to every species’ heart it seems!

    1. Ben Team Avatar

      That’s awesome, Krystal! Glad you found the article helpful. Good luck with your pit!

  10. Donna Avatar
    Donna

    My dog goes absolutely crazy when I put a collar on her. Any suggestions?